油茶内生拮抗细菌的筛选、鉴定及防效

为筛选出对油茶炭疽菌有拮抗效果的生防菌株，以油茶健康叶为对象，平板对峙法筛选，利用形态和生理生化特征以及16S rDNA基因和gyrA基因序列对菌株进行鉴定，测定其抑菌活性，并将该菌株与枯草芽胞杆菌Y13复配进行林间防效试验。结果表明，对油茶炭疽病菌拮抗作用效果较强的内生菌株为HBMC—B05；菌落为乳白色，不透明，边缘不整齐，中间有凸起；分子鉴定结果显示菌株HBMC—B05为贝莱斯芽胞杆菌Bacillus velezensis，其对果生炭疽菌Collectotrichum fructicola，抑菌率可达到81.31%，对另外3种油茶炭疽病病原菌抑菌率可达到70%以上，对其他4种致病菌也有抑制作用；复合菌剂对油茶病害的田间防治效果达到59%以上。该菌株的抑菌具有广谱性，可为油茶病害的生物防治扩充菌种资源，具有广泛的应用前景。     

恩施产区湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分挥发性成分与抗菌活性研究

为了研究恩施产区湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分的抗菌活性和挥发性成分,以恩施产区湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分为研究对象,运用滤纸片法测试对11株供试菌的抑菌活性;采用微量肉汤稀释法测定对供试菌的MIC值;运用GC-MS鉴定挥发性成分;运用气相色谱外标法测定贝母素乙含量。研究结果显示:湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分对苏云金芽孢杆菌、溶藻弧菌、鲍曼不动杆菌有中度敏感抑制活性,其MIC值分别为2.37、5.93、11.86 mg·mL^-1;湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分的抑菌活性与贝母素乙的抑菌活性存在显著性差异,推测贝母素乙不是湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分中主要发挥抑菌活性的成分;从乙酸乙酯组分中共鉴定出16个挥发性代谢产物,主要成分为脂肪烃(4.55%)、脂肪酸(24.07%)、含氮生物碱(23.02%);湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分中贝母素乙的含量为(16.19±0.16) mg·g^-1,加标回收率为96.58%,相对标准偏差为3.98%。湖北贝母乙酸乙酯组分的优良抑菌活性和抑菌广谱性,为开发优质植物来源的新型天然抗生素提供了重要参考。     

Assessment of the Antibacterial Effect of Chitosan Coated with Heracleum persicum Oil on Rainbow Trout Quality

Today, due to the rapid spoilage of fish, the use of natural preservatives is a priority over those of synthetic varieties. Also, the natural antimicrobial effects of essential oils can help to increase shelf life. There are very few studies concerning the use of essential oils in this regard. In the present study, the antibacterial effect of chitosan coated with Heracleum persicum oil was investigated on the quality of rainbow trout. The control and the coated fish samples were analyzed periodically by generalized estimating equation (GEE) for total viable count (TVC), psychrophilic bacteria, total volatile base nitrogen (TVB-N), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), texture, taste, odor, and overall acceptance parameters. The results showed that by increasing the amount of chitosan, TVC, psychrophilic bacteria, and TVB-N decreased while PUFA, texture, taste, odor, and overall acceptance parameters increased.     

Production of Antioxidative Maillard Reaction Products from Gelatin Hydrolysate of Unicorn Leatherjacket Skin

Antioxidative activities of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) derived from gelatin hydrolysate (GH) of unicorn leatherjacket skin as affected by types of saccharides, GH to saccharide ratio, incubation temperatures, relative humidity (RH), and times were investigated. MRPs prepared using mixture of GH and galactose at 2:1 (w/w) ratio showed the highest antioxidative activity. At different incubation temperatures (50–70°C) and RHs (55–75%), optimal condition for preparing antioxidative MRPs included heating GH and galactose (2:1) powder at 70°C and 55% RH for 36 h. Electrophoresis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed the formation of high molecular weight polymers, and the advanced glycation took place in MRPs.     

温度对波纹龙虾消化酶活力的影响

研究了波纹龙虾温度对不同消化器官中消化酶活力的影响,为人工饲料科学配制依据。用酶学分析方法,设计6个温度梯度(20℃、25℃、30℃、35℃、40℃和45℃),分别测定波纹龙虾胃、肠和肝胰脏的类胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活力。结果显示:在反应温度20℃~45℃范围内,波纹龙虾胃、肠、肝胰脏内的消化酶均随着温度的升高表现为先升后降趋势;不同消化器官中胃蛋白酶活力值出现拐点的温度不一样,胃、肠和肝胰脏的胃蛋白酶活力最大的温度分别是30℃、35℃和40℃;不同消化器官胃蛋白酶的活力有显著差异(P0.05),大小依次为胃肠肝胰脏;波纹龙虾不同消化器官的类胰蛋白酶出现最大酶活力的温度相同,为40℃,但胃的类胰蛋白酶活力明显较肠和肝胰脏的低(P0.05),差值最大可达40 U/mg;波纹龙虾胃、肠和肝胰脏的淀粉酶活力在25℃均出现最大值;在消化器官中,肠道淀粉酶活力最大,与胃和肝胰脏的酶活力有显著性差异(P0.05);波纹龙虾胃、肠和肝胰脏内的脂肪酶活力最大的温度为30℃,活力最高的是肝胰脏,胃内的脂肪酶活力明显的比肠和肝胰脏的要低(P0.05)。     

Characterization of Collagen Enzymatic Hydrolysates Derived from Lizardfish (Synodus fuscus) Scales

Acid soluble collagen was extracted from the scales of lizardfish and characterized with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and amino acid analysis. After 8 h of collagen hydrolysis, hydrolysates had an estimated degree of hydrolysis (DH) from 4 ± 0.05 to 25 ± 0.63% (p < 0.05). All hydrolysates had angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activity. These activity levels showed little change after treatment with gastrointestinal proteases. Results indicated that the lizardfish by-products may be improved by enzymatic treatment with acid-soluble collagen from lizardfish scales.     

Effect of dietary GroBiotic®‐A supplementation as a prebiotic on the intestinal microflora,growth performance,haemato‐serological parameters,survival rate and body composition in juvenile beluga (Huso huso Linnaeus, 1754)

The objectives of the present study were to investigate of GroBiotic^®‐A (GBA) on growth, autochthonous intestinal microbiota and haemato‐serological parameters of beluga juvenile. A total of 180 fish (40.82 ± 5.81 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of GBA (0, 5, 10 and 20 g kg^?1 diet) for 8 weeks. No significantly differences in body composition, total viable aerobic bacteria, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, albumin, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and lactate dehydrogenase were detected between treatment groups. The fish fed on 10 and 20 g kg^?1 GBA significantly showed higher lactic acid bacteria, final weight, body weight increases, weight gain and lower feed conversion ratio compared with the control and 5 g kg^?1 groups. The group fed 20 g kg^?1 GBA showed a highly significant difference in condition factor, survival rate, final length, total red and white blood cells, lymphocytes, haematocrit, haemoglobin, total protein, total immunoglobulin and lysozyme activity. The specific growth rate of the treatment groups was significantly elevated compared with the control groups. These results indicated that GBA at level 20 g kg^?1 improved growth, welfare and survival of beluga juvenile.